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Philippe-Joseph BROCARD (1831-1896)
Mosque Lamp
Ref. : 2787-9
Origin
Paris, circa 1870-1880
H : 27,5cm / 10.8 in.
Diam : 15,5cm / 10.1 in.
Description
N° 82
Clear glass Mosque Lamp.
Blown glass bell-shaped base and four rose-coloured handles glazed to the centrepiece.
Hard polychromatic enamels painted in gold with outlining, featuring oriental flower motifs, rinceaux, arabesques and four circular panels decorated with calligraphy.
Signature
Signed « Brocard Paris » in gold on the base.
Notes
This lamp was showcased as part of the exhibition :
Doha, Capitale Culturelle Arabe 2010,
STATE OF QATAR / C. N. E. S. - Chambre Nationale des Experts Spécialisés
Exposition d'Objets Exceptionnels organised as part of a policy of cultural exchange between QATAR and FRANCE
From Saturday June 5 to Wednesday June 9, 2010
The Embassy of QATAR in Paris.
Exceptional pieces possessing great prestige, Philippe-Joseph Brocard’s mosque lamps were created for the great museums and great collections where they still figure today. As examples we can but only name the Brocard lamp held by the British Museum (Inv. M&ME 1902 11-15, 1) and those in the possession of the Victoria & Albert Museum (Inv. 71-1890), of the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning-New York (Inv. 53.3.20), and in France those possessed by the Musée du Consevatoire National des Arts et Métiers (Inv. 10404) and the Musée National Adrien Dubouché de Limoges (Inv. ADL V 150). In 2011 a new piece was acquired by the Petit Palais-Musée des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris.
As a general point it is worth noting that the Brocard glassworks are made from blown glass and therefore do not display the same regularity as glass pieces produced from molds. Furthermore, his enamels are painted on by hand and outlined with gold or paint (these elements exemplify the Brocard style).
The Brocard process concludes with each piece being covered with a mitt, before being subjected to the heat of a furnace, where the complete fusion of the enamel and the glass is allowed to take place.
Biography
Philippe-Joseph BROCARD (1831-1896), glassblower and enameller.
Brocard was the first modern glassblower in France to be considered an artist and, like Théodore Deck, found new means of expression through drawing on the forms and practices of decoration originating in the Middle East (L’Art en France sous le Second Empire).
Collector, art restorer and self-taught craftsman, Brocard was incredibly inspired by the enamel and old glazed glassworks to be found at the time in the great collections and those featured at the Expositions Universelles. He made his debut at the Exposition Universelle of 1867 in Paris with his own enamel glass pieces, all already displaying a sensibility toward Islamic motifs and ornamentation. This sensibility would remain in his work over the next two ensuing decades.
His glassworks had a tremendous influence on the first enamel glass pieces of Emile Gallé, who in turn would inspire Brocard in his creations of the 1880s – creations which were decidedly European in shape and patterning.
The scholarship on Philippe-Joseph Brocard is incomplete in that many dates surrounding his life and work remain unknown. Nevertheless, it can be confirmed that throughout the 1870s Brocard resided at 23 rue Bertrand, Paris and that around 1878 he began to work alongside his son Emile-Joseph (Gazette de l'Hôtel Drouot), in now signing his works “Brocard et Fils” (Brocard and Son).
Brocard showed at numerous exhibitions, including the:
Exposition Universelle of 1867 in Paris
Exposition de l'Union Centrale des Arts Décoratifs of 1869
Universal Exhibitions of 1871 and 1872 in London
Exposition Universelle of 1873 in Vienna (Gold Medal)
Universal Exhibition of 1876 in Philadelphia
Exposition Universelle of 1878 and 1889 in Paris
In 1891 Brocard officially patented his manufacturing process.
After his death in 1896, the production house would continue his work for a short time under the name of "Verrerie Brocard", participating in 1904 in the International Universal Exhibition of Saint Louis (E.U.) (Catalogue général / Exposition / Saint-Louis 1904).
Bibliography
Revues :
De Liesville, (A.-R.), « Les Industries d'Art au Champ de Mars, IVb Verrerie », dans L'Art Moderne à l'Exposition de 1878, Publication de la Gazette des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1879, pp. 430 et 432
La Gazette de l'Hôtel Drouot, Paris, n° 13, 2009, p. 136, fig. p. 136
Laurent, (S.), « Dossier, Ce Curieux XIXe siècle, L'imaginaire de l'ailleurs » dans La Gazette de l'Hôtel Drouot, n° 14, Paris, 2009, p. 181
Catalogues d'Exposition :
L'Art en France sous le Second Empire, Paris/Grand Palais, 1979, pp. 243-244, fig. 133
H. Blairman & Son LTD, Catalogue, Furniture and Works of Art, London, 2008, notice n° 14, fig. notice n° 14
Bonaparte et l'Egypte, feu et lumières, Institut du monde arabe / Région Nord - Pas-de-Calais, 2008, pp. 360 et 390, fig. 284, 323 et 324
Der Traum vom Glück : Die Kunst des Historismus in Europa / Ausstellung im Künstlerhaus und der Akademie der Bildenden Künste in Wien, 1996-1997, p. 601, notice n° 21.118, fig. p. 600
L'Exposition de Paris 1878, Paris, 1878, p. 227, fig. p. 228 (entree)
The Illustrated Catalogue of the International Exhibition 1871, published with the Art Journal, London, 1871, fig. p. 57
Smith, (Prof. W.), The Masterpieces of the Centennial International Exhibition illustrated: Industrial Art, Philadelphia, vol. II, 1876-1878, pp. 473-476
Livres :
Alcouffe, (D.), Bascou, (M.), Dion-Tanenbaum, (A.), Thiébaut, (P.), Le Arti Decorative Alle Grandi Esposizioni Universali, 1851-1900, Milano, 1988, pp. 226, 284, fig. 310, 311, 312 et 313
Bloch-Dermant, (J.), L'Art du Verre en France, 1860-1914, Paris, 1974, pp. 22-27, fig. p. 25
Cappa, (G.), Le Génie Verrier de l'Europe, Témoignages, De l'Historicisme à la Modernité (1840-1998), Sprimont- Belgique, 1998, pp. 191-192, fig. 312
Du Pasquier, (J.), Histoire du Verre, Les Chefs-d'Oeuvre de l'Islam, Paris, 2007, pp. 136-149, fig. pp. 138-139 et 141
Enault, (L.), Les arts industriels : Vienne, Londres, Paris, 1877, t. 2, pp. 78 et 79
Ennès, (P.), Histoire du Verre, Au Carrefour de l'Art et de l'Industrie, Le XIXe siècle, Paris, 2006, pp. 184-189, fig. pp. 184-185
Jones, (O.), The Grammar of l'Ornament, London, 1856, pp. 55-75, ill. 58-59, pl. XXXI-XXXVIII et XL-XLII*
Thiébaut, (P.), Orsay, Les arts décoratifs, Paris, 2003, p. 43, fig. p. 44
Traduction en anglais par Nicolas Enright / English translation by Nicolas Enright |
